Experts are sounding the alarm over the K flu variant, describing it as the worst in 15 years due to its significantly faster and more intense spread. Dr. Joan Carles March, a specialist in Public Health and Preventive Medicine, has highlighted the virus's "atypical behaviour," noting its earlier transmission and reduced vaccine efficacy. This concerning development has led to predictions of widespread outbreaks, potentially overwhelming emergency services. Indeed, the IB-Salut health service in the Balearics has already had to increase bed capacity at Son Llàtzer hospital following recent strain.
Dr. March further clarifies that the K variant is a mutated form of the seasonal A(H3N2) influenza virus. It has acquired approximately seven mutations in its haemagglutinin protein, rendering it more transmissible and partially enabling it to evade immunity from previous infections or vaccinations. Epidemiological data already indicates a surge in cases within primary care settings, with the Balearics having surpassed its epidemic threshold earlier than anticipated.
Understanding the K Variant's Impact
Despite its heightened contagiousness, Dr. March stresses that a more transmissible virus does not inherently equate to a more severe illness. "More transmissible does not equal more virulent," he states. However, the expert cautions that this flu variant is still expected to lead to increased hospitalisations, complications, and even mortality. He explains, "There are sufficient indications to consider that this year's flu could spread more easily than usual. This doesn't automatically mean it will be more severe, but the risk of outbreaks and a large portion of the population becoming infected could lead to the saturation of healthcare centres."
Typical symptoms for those infected include a cough (81.6%), fever, often high (80.3%), general malaise and fatigue (74.5%), nasal congestion and mucus (72.8%), sore throat (60.1%), headache (41%), and muscle aches (40%).
In response to this evolving situation, a "reinforced alert" has been declared, prioritising preventative measures. These include vaccination, stringent hygiene practices such as hand washing and ventilation, avoiding enclosed spaces during outbreaks, and safeguarding vulnerable individuals.
Protecting Against the K Variant
When questioned about the specific symptoms of the K variant, Dr. March indicates that "it does not appear to generate a new type of flu, as far as we know." However, he warns that "the combination of greater transmissibility and reduced recognition by our immune system could translate into an increase in cases and, therefore, more frequent outbreaks and greater pressure on the healthcare system."
The esteemed specialist strongly advocates for vaccination as a primary defence, even while acknowledging that "efficacy against the K variant may be somewhat lower than for previous strains." Nevertheless, he asserts it "remains the best tool to prevent complications, hospitalisations, and deaths, especially for vulnerable individuals such as the elderly, pregnant women, those with chronic illnesses, or the immunocompromised."
Further recommendations include rigorous respiratory and hand hygiene: frequent hand washing, covering coughs and sneezes with disposable tissues or the elbow, and ensuring good ventilation while avoiding crowded or enclosed spaces. Mask-wearing is also advised in high-contagion environments, public transport, hospitals, care homes, or when experiencing symptoms. Finally, prompt action upon symptom onset is crucial. "If fever, cough, or malaise appear, it is advisable to isolate if possible. Additionally, rest and hydration are important; and if you belong to a risk group, consult a doctor to assess antivirals or follow-up care," March concludes.