The head of the European Space Agency (ESA) has warned economic damage from heatwaves and drought could dwarf Europe’s energy crisis as he called for urgent action to tackle climate change.
Director General Josef Aschbacher told Reuters successive heatwaves along with wildfires, shrinking rivers and rising land temperatures as measured from space left no doubt about the toll on agriculture and other industries from climate change.
“Today, we are very concerned about the energy crisis, and rightly so. But this crisis is very small compared to the impact of climate change, which is of a much bigger magnitude and really has to be tackled extremely fast,” he said.
He was speaking in an interview as heatwaves and floods generate concerns over extreme weather across the globe.
More than 57,200 hectares have been swallowed by wildfire in France this year, nearly six times the full-year average.
In Spain, a prolonged dry spell made July the hottest month since at least 1961.
Utah’s Great Salt Lake and Italy’s Po River are at their lowest recorded levels. France’s Loire is now on the watch list.
On Tuesday, Britain issued a new amber “Extreme Heat” warning.
That follows record temperatures above 40 degrees Celsius (104 Fahrenheit) that placed a renewed focus on climate risks at July’s Farnborough Airshow in southern England, where Aschbacher said the issue was humanity’s biggest challenge.
“It’s pretty bad. We have seen extremes that have not been observed before,” Aschbacher told Reuters this week.
Soaring air temperatures are not the only problem. The Earth’s skin is getting warmer too.
Aschbacher said ESA’s Copernicus Sentinel-3 satellite series had measured “extreme” land surface temperatures of more than 45C in Britain, 50C in France and 60C in Spain in recent weeks.
Land surface temperature drives air circulation.
“It’s really the whole ecosystem that is changing very, very fast and much faster than what scientists expected until some years ago,” he said.
“It is drought, fires, intensity of storms, everything coupled together, which are the visible signs of climate change.”
As changes in temperature also become more marked, winds become stronger and unleash harsher storms.
“Typhoons are much more powerful than they used to be in terms of wind speed and therefore damage,” Aschbacher said.
The Austrian scientist was named head of Paris-based ESA last year after leading the 22-nation agency’s Earth observation work including Copernicus, which ESA says is the world’s largest environmental monitoring effort, co-led by the European Union.
Together, the programme’s six families of Sentinel satellites aim to read the planet’s “vital signs” from carbon dioxide to wave height or temperatures of land and oceans.
Copernicus Sentinel-2 satellite images taken on roughly the same day in June between 2020 and 2022, released by ESA, show how the drought-stricken Po - whose plains sustain a third of Italy’s agriculture - has retreated to expose broad sandbanks.
But the programme faces a Brexit funding gap of 750 million euros ($774 million) needed to help develop a second generation of satellites that Britain was to have contributed via the European Union and whose fate is now under discussion.
After leaving the EU last year, Britain remains a member of ESA and its 170-million-euro direct contribution is unaffected.
“We do still need the 750 million to complete development of this second generation of satellites,” Aschbacher said.
“And yes, that is certainly an issue for climate monitoring globally but (also) for Europe in particular, because many of these parameters are aiming at priorities for Europe.”
A funding package for Earth observation worth an estimated 3 billion euros will be discussed by ESA ministers in November.
Aschbacher dismissed what he called two myths voiced by critics who question the international climate drive.
“The first is that people think one can wait and by waiting somehow we will tough it out,” he said. “The second is that it will cost a lot of money to deal with climate change ... and affect the poorest people, and we shouldn’t do it,” he said, adding that failing to heed warnings like this year’s weather crisis could cost hundreds of trillions of dollars this century.
“Of course, you always have weather fluctuations ... but never of this magnitude. There is no doubt in my mind that this is caused by climate change,” Aschbacher told Reuters.