December brings one of the most eagerly anticipated and spectacular astronomical events of the year: the Geminid meteor shower. This phenomenon, considered the most intense and generous shower of the year due to the frequency and brightness of its meteors, will be visible across Spain for several days, reaching its peak on the night of December 13-14. Unlike other meteor showers, the Geminids are particularly easy to observe, even for those with no expertise in astronomy.
The Balearic Islands are set to offer ideal viewing conditions, with forecasts pointing to clear skies. Observers are advised to find locations away from light pollution to fully appreciate what astronomers call the most powerful astronomical phenomenon of the year.
Salvador Sánchez, scientific director of the Foundation of the Institute of Astronomy and Astronautics of Mallorca (Fiaam), recommends positioning yourself facing northeast after midnight, looking towards the Gemini constellation – from which the meteor shower derives its name – for the best viewing experience.
While the Geminids' activity period extends from approximately the December 4 to 20, the absolute peak will occur between 2 and 3 am on the night of December 13 and 14.
How to capture the celestial spectacle
Sánchez encourages observers to attempt photographing the meteors with mobile phones, which can often capture more detail than the human eye. For best results, ensure your device is fully charged and use a slow exposure mode – between 10 and 30 seconds – to obtain clear images of the phenomenon.
What makes the Geminids special?
Under ideal dark sky conditions, observers can expect to see up to 120 meteors per hour, though actual visibility varies depending on location and atmospheric conditions. Technically, the best viewing time coincides with the maximum elevation of the Gemini constellation, which serves as the apparent radiant point of the shower. This height condition is met during most of the night, offering ample time windows for sightings.
Unlike most meteor showers that originate from comets, the Geminids are caused by debris from an asteroid – specifically, 3200 Phaethon – making them somewhat unique in the annual astronomical calendar.